Today we shall learn about our Indian Constitution- its framework, members of drafting committees, structures and schedule.
The Construction of Constitution
Constitutional Framework:
*
The Constitutional Assembly , which construct
the Indian constitution, formed in 1945 ( on recommendations of Cabinet
Mission).
*
Its first meeting was held in 9 December, 1946.
*
In this first meeting Dr. Sachhidanand Sinha was
elected as a temporary President of the Constitutional Assembly by unanimous
consent.
*
In the meeting of 11 December,1946 Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as a
permanent President of Assembly.
*
The Drafting Committee of the Constituent
Assembly established in 29 August, 1947
in the Presidentship of Dr. B R Ambedkar. The total numbers of this committee
was 7 including.
*
It consists of almost 80,000 words and took 2
years 11 months and 18 days to build the Constitution.
*
On 26 November,1949
, after the signature of the President of the Constitutional Assembly, it was
declared passed.
*
Since 1930, the day 26 January celebrated as the
Liberty Day in all over the India.
Therefore, the first Republic Day celebrated on 26 January,1950.
*
It was adopted on 26 January,1949 and embedded on 26 January,1950.
*
Dr. B R Ambedkar was known as the Father of the Indian
Constitution.
*
At the time of commencement, the constitution
had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules.
*
Currently there are 12 schedules.
Members of
Drafting Committee;
*
Dr. B R Ambedkar (President)
Members
*
Alladi Krishnaswami Iyyr
*
Kanhaiyalal Maniklal Munshi
*
N Gopalswami Ayangar
*
Saiyad md. SadullaN Madhrav ( in place of B L
Mishra)
*
D P Khaitan ( after his death T Krishnamachari)
Structure
The Constitution, in its current form (September 2012),
consists of a preamble, 25 parts containing 448
articles, 12 schedules, 5 appendicesand 99 amendments, the latest of
which came into force on 13 April 2015.
Parts/Article No.
|
Description
|
Part 1/ Article 1-4
|
Union and its Territory
|
Part 2/ Article 5-11
|
Citizenship
|
Part 3/ Article 12-35
|
Fundamental Rights
|
Part 4/ Article 36-51
|
Directive Principles of State Policy
|
Part 4A/ Article 51A
|
Fundamental Duties
|
Part 5/ Article 52-151
|
The Union
|
Part 6/ Article 152-237
|
The States
|
Part 7/ Article 238
|
States in the B part of the First schedule (repealed)
|
Part 8/ Article 239-242
|
The Union Territories
|
Part 9/ Article 243-243O
|
The Panchayats
|
Part 9/ Article 243p-243ZG
|
The Municipalities
|
Part 18/ Article 352-360
|
Emergency Provision
|
Part 19/ Article 361-367
|
Miscellaneous
|
Part 20/ Article 368
|
Amendment of the Constitution
|
Part 21/ Article 369-392
|
Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
|
Part 22/ Article 393-395
|
Short title, date of commencement, Authoritative text in
Hindi and Repeals
|
Schedules
Schedules are lists in the Constitution that categorize and
tabulate bureaucratic activity and policy of the Government.
First Schedule
(Articles 1 and 4) - This lists the
states and territories of India, lists any changes to their borders and the laws used
to make that change.
Second Schedule
(Articles 59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), 164(5), 186 and 221)-
This
lists the salaries of officials holding public office, judges, and Comptroller
and Auditor General of India.
Third Schedule
(Articles 75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188 and 219)- Forms of Oaths – This lists the oaths of offices for
elected officials and judges.
Fourth Schedule
(Articles 4(1) and 80(2)) - This details
the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament) per
State or Union Territory.
Fifth Schedule
(Article 244(1)) - This provides for the administration and control of
Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes (areas and tribes needing special
protection due to disadvantageous conditions).
Sixth Schedule
(Articles 244(2) and 275(1))- Provisions made for the administration of
tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Seventh Schedule
(Article 246) -The union (central
government), state, and concurrent lists of responsibilities.
Eighth Schedule
(Articles 344(1) and 351)- The official
languages.
Ninth Schedule
(Article 31-B) – Validation of certain
Acts and Regulations.
Tenth Schedule
(Articles 102(2) and 191(2))- "Anti-defection"
provisions for Members of Parliament and Members of the State Legislatures.
Eleventh Schedule
(Article 243-D) - Panchayat Raj (rural
local government).
Twelfth Schedule
(Article 243-W) - Municipalities (urban
local government).